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Archaeologists discover world’s oldest poison in Africa dating back 7,000 years | World | News

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Archaeologists working in South Africa believe they have found what could be one of the oldest mixed poisons in the world.

While researching early human techniques, they found multi-component poison on weapons that date back an incredible 7,000 years.

This discovery also gives an insight into how advanced ancient people’s pharmacological knowledge was, even during the Neolithic period several thousand years ago.

The artefact – an antelope femur bone – was first discovered in 1983 at Kruger Cave in South Africa but went unexamined for decades.

A few years ago, it was finally analysed and was found to contain three bone arrowheads in its marrow cavity. Further scans confirmed this contained a sediment-like substance in which two known poisons were found.

Justin Bradfield conducted chemical tests at the University of Johannesburg and confirmed the presence of two glycosides – digitoxin (from foxgloves) and strophanthidin (from Strophanthus plants) – both classified as poisonous and disrupt the heart’s function.

Ricinoleic acid – the main component of castor oil – was also identified in the examined sample.

The scientists are confident the mixture was deliberate and that the chemicals were intentionally extracted from plant-based toxins. This confirms that early humans could combine poisonous ingredients to enhance their hunting efficiency.

The research team wrote: “This is the oldest unequivocal complex hunting poison recipe yet identified, notwithstanding the many chemically unsupported assertions of older examples.”

Crucially, however, the plants used to create the mixed poison were not native to the environment near Kruger Cave.

This suggests that early humans either travelled long distances to acquire the ingredients for the substance or had some form of exchange network.

Such a revelation has not surprised the researchers, as long-form transportation of goods, including shells, has been acknowledged in other studies. However, it would be unprecedented if botanical trade were to be confirmed.

The use of poison for hunting is believed to have started as far back as 60,000 to 70,000 years ago, coinciding with the creation of projectile technology.

In their paper, the researchers said: “The use of poison as a hunting aid when applied to spears and arrows signals an evolutionary advancement in the development of hunting technology.”

While earlier uses of toxic chemicals have been discovered, including ricinoleic acid found on a 24,000-year-old spatula at Border Cave in South Africa, the Kruger Cave discovery is the oldest confirmed use of a complex poison mix.



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Israeli hostages live: Three more on verge of release as Trump deadline approaches | World | News

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Three more Israelis held captive in the Gaza Strip are on the verge of being freed on Saturday as part of a shaky ceasefire deal which requires Israel to release hundreds of Palestinian prisoners in exchange.

The truce that began nearly four weeks ago had been jeopardised in recent days by a tense dispute that threatened to renew the fighting.

US President Donald Trump’s controversial proposal to remove more than two million Palestinians from Gaza and settle them elsewhere in the region has cast even more doubt on the future of the ceasefire. Mr Trump has said all hostages should be released by noon today local time (10am) or he would propose cancelling the Israel-Hamas ceasefire and “let hell break out”.

But Hamas said Thursday it would move ahead with the release of more hostages after talks with Egyptian and Qatari officials. The group said the mediators had pledged to “remove all hurdles” to assure Israel would allow more tents, medical supplies and other essentials into Gaza.

It will be the sixth swap since the ceasefire took effect on January 19. So far, 21 hostages and over 730 Palestinian prisoners have been freed during the first phase of the truce.

Of the 251 people abducted on October 7, 2023, 73 remain in Gaza, around half of whom are believed to be dead. Nearly all the remaining hostages are men, including Israeli soldiers.

THIS IS A LIVE BLOG: SCROLL DOWN FOR REGULAR UPDATES



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The incredible £50bn railway with world’s fastest bullet train that now faces crisis | World | News

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The future of Japan’s incredible £50 billion train line hangs in the balance as the project faces delays. 

Japan‘s ambitious Maglev bullet train project, designed to revolutionise high-speed travel, has hit significant roadblocks, delaying its progress.

Short for Magnetic Levitation, Maglev, also known as the Chūō Shinkansen, is an ambitious high-speed rail project that uses magnetic levitation technology instead of traditional wheels. 

This allows for ultra-fast speeds, reduced friction, and a smoother ride. The project is self-funded by JR Central, without direct government financial aid.

However, it has faced resistance due to concerns about tunnel construction impacting water sources. 

The train line was planned to connect Tokyo and Nagoya (177 miles) in 40 minutes, later extending to Osaka (totaling 272 miles).

The route was supposed to open in 2027, but that’s not likely to happen anymore.

It is reported that he Shizuoka Prefecture government has refused to approve construction, citing concerns that tunneling under the Southern Japanese Alps could impact local water supplies.

Shizuoka’s Ōi River provides drinking water for millions, and officials fear that groundwater could be permanently diverted.

The Governor of Shizuoka, Heita Kawakatsu, has remained firm in his opposition, demanding further environmental studies.

Local residents and environmental groups argue the project prioritises speed over sustainability.

Negotiations between JR Central (Japan Railways Central) and local authorities have stalled over the years, causing indefinite delays.

While construction has continued on other parts of the route, progress in Shizuoka Prefecture remains at a standstill.

At present, the Japanese government and JR Central are exploring compromises and environmental solutions, but no resolution has been reached.



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Spain to spend £1.6million housing migrants in holiday hotspot loved by Brits | World | News

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The Spanish Government is reportedly planning to spend around £ 1.6 million (2 million euros) on housing migrants in a four-star Costa del Sol hotel until April, The Olive Press has reported. 

The migrants will remain until at least April 24, after which they will be relocated to other areas along the Costa del Sol, including Marbella and Estepona.

According to the report, the Hotel Oh Nice Caledonia, in Bel Air, is being paid around £50 (60 euros) per person per night.

It means around £17000 per night or £1.6million will be paid during the three months when the hotel is normally closed for the winter season.

In comparison, one night at the hotel for paying guests costs €65 minimum, though no bookings are being taken yet for this summer. 

Bel Air resident Joerin Reiddel told The Olive Press: “It’s a win for the hotel, probably more than they get in the high seasons. It’s too much to give to people who don’t contribute.”

A 52-year-old expat resident explained: “They shouldn’t be showered with money, clothes and food. If they want to become Spanish citizens they should prove it by serving in the military.”

On the other hand, most locals were in favour of the decision to house the migrants

Dutch resident Marjolijne Reedijk said: “We are talking about basic things people should have. We have everything we need, a house, food, safety, they deserve that too.”

Meanwhile, the Spanish Government has also decided to grant one-year residency and work permits to as many as 25,000 foreigners affected by catastrophic flash floods that hit an eastern area of the country last October.

The measure, which was approved by the Spanish cabinet earlier this week, will facilitate paperwork for those now left homeless in dozens of towns affected by the floods, principally in the Valencia region.

The government has embarked on a major recovery and reconstruction effort after the 29 October disaster, which killed 227 people and destroyed countless homes and businesses.



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World

Archaeologists discover world’s oldest poison in Africa dating back 7,000 years | World | News

CHANNEL TODAY BROADCASTING CORPORATION

Published

on


Archaeologists working in South Africa believe they have found what could be one of the oldest mixed poisons in the world.

While researching early human techniques, they found multi-component poison on weapons that date back an incredible 7,000 years.

This discovery also gives an insight into how advanced ancient people’s pharmacological knowledge was, even during the Neolithic period several thousand years ago.

The artefact – an antelope femur bone – was first discovered in 1983 at Kruger Cave in South Africa but went unexamined for decades.

A few years ago, it was finally analysed and was found to contain three bone arrowheads in its marrow cavity. Further scans confirmed this contained a sediment-like substance in which two known poisons were found.

Justin Bradfield conducted chemical tests at the University of Johannesburg and confirmed the presence of two glycosides – digitoxin (from foxgloves) and strophanthidin (from Strophanthus plants) – both classified as poisonous and disrupt the heart’s function.

Ricinoleic acid – the main component of castor oil – was also identified in the examined sample.

The scientists are confident the mixture was deliberate and that the chemicals were intentionally extracted from plant-based toxins. This confirms that early humans could combine poisonous ingredients to enhance their hunting efficiency.

The research team wrote: “This is the oldest unequivocal complex hunting poison recipe yet identified, notwithstanding the many chemically unsupported assertions of older examples.”

Crucially, however, the plants used to create the mixed poison were not native to the environment near Kruger Cave.

This suggests that early humans either travelled long distances to acquire the ingredients for the substance or had some form of exchange network.

Such a revelation has not surprised the researchers, as long-form transportation of goods, including shells, has been acknowledged in other studies. However, it would be unprecedented if botanical trade were to be confirmed.

The use of poison for hunting is believed to have started as far back as 60,000 to 70,000 years ago, coinciding with the creation of projectile technology.

In their paper, the researchers said: “The use of poison as a hunting aid when applied to spears and arrows signals an evolutionary advancement in the development of hunting technology.”

While earlier uses of toxic chemicals have been discovered, including ricinoleic acid found on a 24,000-year-old spatula at Border Cave in South Africa, the Kruger Cave discovery is the oldest confirmed use of a complex poison mix.



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World

Israeli hostages live: Three more on verge of release as Trump deadline approaches | World | News

CHANNEL TODAY BROADCASTING CORPORATION

Published

on


Three more Israelis held captive in the Gaza Strip are on the verge of being freed on Saturday as part of a shaky ceasefire deal which requires Israel to release hundreds of Palestinian prisoners in exchange.

The truce that began nearly four weeks ago had been jeopardised in recent days by a tense dispute that threatened to renew the fighting.

US President Donald Trump’s controversial proposal to remove more than two million Palestinians from Gaza and settle them elsewhere in the region has cast even more doubt on the future of the ceasefire. Mr Trump has said all hostages should be released by noon today local time (10am) or he would propose cancelling the Israel-Hamas ceasefire and “let hell break out”.

But Hamas said Thursday it would move ahead with the release of more hostages after talks with Egyptian and Qatari officials. The group said the mediators had pledged to “remove all hurdles” to assure Israel would allow more tents, medical supplies and other essentials into Gaza.

It will be the sixth swap since the ceasefire took effect on January 19. So far, 21 hostages and over 730 Palestinian prisoners have been freed during the first phase of the truce.

Of the 251 people abducted on October 7, 2023, 73 remain in Gaza, around half of whom are believed to be dead. Nearly all the remaining hostages are men, including Israeli soldiers.

THIS IS A LIVE BLOG: SCROLL DOWN FOR REGULAR UPDATES



Source link

Continue Reading

World

The incredible £50bn railway with world’s fastest bullet train that now faces crisis | World | News

CHANNEL TODAY BROADCASTING CORPORATION

Published

on


The future of Japan’s incredible £50 billion train line hangs in the balance as the project faces delays. 

Japan‘s ambitious Maglev bullet train project, designed to revolutionise high-speed travel, has hit significant roadblocks, delaying its progress.

Short for Magnetic Levitation, Maglev, also known as the Chūō Shinkansen, is an ambitious high-speed rail project that uses magnetic levitation technology instead of traditional wheels. 

This allows for ultra-fast speeds, reduced friction, and a smoother ride. The project is self-funded by JR Central, without direct government financial aid.

However, it has faced resistance due to concerns about tunnel construction impacting water sources. 

The train line was planned to connect Tokyo and Nagoya (177 miles) in 40 minutes, later extending to Osaka (totaling 272 miles).

The route was supposed to open in 2027, but that’s not likely to happen anymore.

It is reported that he Shizuoka Prefecture government has refused to approve construction, citing concerns that tunneling under the Southern Japanese Alps could impact local water supplies.

Shizuoka’s Ōi River provides drinking water for millions, and officials fear that groundwater could be permanently diverted.

The Governor of Shizuoka, Heita Kawakatsu, has remained firm in his opposition, demanding further environmental studies.

Local residents and environmental groups argue the project prioritises speed over sustainability.

Negotiations between JR Central (Japan Railways Central) and local authorities have stalled over the years, causing indefinite delays.

While construction has continued on other parts of the route, progress in Shizuoka Prefecture remains at a standstill.

At present, the Japanese government and JR Central are exploring compromises and environmental solutions, but no resolution has been reached.



Source link

Continue Reading

World

Spain to spend £1.6million housing migrants in holiday hotspot loved by Brits | World | News

CHANNEL TODAY BROADCASTING CORPORATION

Published

on


The Spanish Government is reportedly planning to spend around £ 1.6 million (2 million euros) on housing migrants in a four-star Costa del Sol hotel until April, The Olive Press has reported. 

The migrants will remain until at least April 24, after which they will be relocated to other areas along the Costa del Sol, including Marbella and Estepona.

According to the report, the Hotel Oh Nice Caledonia, in Bel Air, is being paid around £50 (60 euros) per person per night.

It means around £17000 per night or £1.6million will be paid during the three months when the hotel is normally closed for the winter season.

In comparison, one night at the hotel for paying guests costs €65 minimum, though no bookings are being taken yet for this summer. 

Bel Air resident Joerin Reiddel told The Olive Press: “It’s a win for the hotel, probably more than they get in the high seasons. It’s too much to give to people who don’t contribute.”

A 52-year-old expat resident explained: “They shouldn’t be showered with money, clothes and food. If they want to become Spanish citizens they should prove it by serving in the military.”

On the other hand, most locals were in favour of the decision to house the migrants

Dutch resident Marjolijne Reedijk said: “We are talking about basic things people should have. We have everything we need, a house, food, safety, they deserve that too.”

Meanwhile, the Spanish Government has also decided to grant one-year residency and work permits to as many as 25,000 foreigners affected by catastrophic flash floods that hit an eastern area of the country last October.

The measure, which was approved by the Spanish cabinet earlier this week, will facilitate paperwork for those now left homeless in dozens of towns affected by the floods, principally in the Valencia region.

The government has embarked on a major recovery and reconstruction effort after the 29 October disaster, which killed 227 people and destroyed countless homes and businesses.



Source link

Continue Reading

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