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ISRO’s SpaDeX Mission Today A First Step For India To Set Up Its Own Space Station

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New Delhi:

Only three countries in the world – United States, Russia, and China – have the ability to carry out docking of two spacecraft or satellites in outer space. India is now on the cusp of achieving that feat as ISRO’s last mission of 2024 – named SpaDeX – lift-off from Andhra Pradesh’s Sriharikota at 2200 hrs (10 pm) IST.

SpaDex is short for Space Docking Experiment. This involves an experimental docking, subsequent interlocking and pressure checks, and undocking of two satellites. The mission is important for ISRO’s future moon missions, including Chandrayaan 4. It is also particularly important for India’s plan to set up its own space station.

In October this year, the government had announced that India will have its own Space Station called the Bharatiya Antriksh Station by 2035.

ISROs PSLV-C60 carrying SpaDeX and its payloads, lifts off from the first launch pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, in Sriharikota

ISRO’s PSLV-C60 carrying SpaDeX and its payloads, lifts off from the first launch pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, in Sriharikota

So far, there are two other space stations – the International Space Station, built by the United States (NASA) and Russia (Roscosmos). The US side of the ISS is built by NASA and European Space Agency or ESA. The second space station is being built by China, and is called the Tiangong Space Station. India aims to set up the third.

Every time astronauts or cosmonauts are sent to space, especially the International Space Station, the shuttle or capsule they travel in needs to perform a docking manoeuvre. Only after the docking procedure is complete, and the two objects are securely interlocked, can the astronauts get into the pressurised cabin of the space station.

ISRO’S DOCKING EXPERIMENT EXPLAINED WITH THE HELP OF ‘INTERSTELLAR’

Docking in space is one of the most difficult and complicated procedures – the slightest of errors can lead to a catastrophe – an example of which was shown in the epic sci-fi movie Interstellar – where Cooper and the crew had to navigate a near-impossible and heart-pounding docking scenario after a minuscule error by Dr Mann sends the Endurance space station into an uncontrolled spin due to a catastrophic decompression. The scene highlights a complex docking manoeuvre.

Just like in the movie, where there was a Lander spacecraft and a Courier spacecraft, ISRO’s mission has two spaceships – the Chaser (SDX01) and the Target (SDX02), each weighing 220 kilograms. As the names suggest, the aim of the mission will be for the chaser to chase the target while both are orbiting Earth at a high speed and dock with it expeditiously.

ALL ABOUT ISRO’S SPADEX MISSION

The SpaDex mission lift-off at 2200 hrs (10 pm) IST on December 30 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

ISRO’s launch was onboard the workhorse PSLV-C60 rocket, which put the two spacecraft in low-Earth orbit, roughly 475 km above the Earth’s surface. The inclination of the two spacecraft will be at 55 degrees facing the Earth. After being deployed in a circular orbit, the two spacecraft will grow apart by around 20 kilometers over 24 hours. The scientists will first carry out several other experiments under the POEM-4 mission – a parallel mission to SpaDex (explained below).

The scientists sitting at ISRO’s mission control in Bengaluru are expected to initiate the intricate and precise docking and undocking manoeuvre in the later half of the first week of January. If successful, India will create history by becoming only the fourth nation in the world to possess such technological ability.

According to ISRO, the main objectives of the SpaDeX mission include:

  • To develop and demonstrate the technology needed for rendezvous, docking, and undocking of two small spacecraft.
  • The demonstration of the transfer of electric power between the docked spacecraft, which is essential for future applications such as in-space robotics.
  • Composite spacecraft control, including remotely controlling it both in space and from mission control.
  • Payload operations after undocking.

This mission is crucial for India’s ability to set up its own Space Station. It will also give India’s RLV or Reusable Launch Vehicle – India’s variant of NASA’s iconic space shuttle – docking capability in future.

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India’s Reusable Launch Vehicle or RLV

HOW THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION WAS BUILT

Among other key missions, NASA’s space shuttle was used by the United States to construct the US side of the International Space Station. Russia too used their own space shuttle to build the Russian side of the International Space Station. While NASA had a series of space shuttles, starting with Columbia and evolving into Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour, Russian space agency Roscosmos named their space shuttle Buran.

NASAs Space Shuttle (L) and Russias Space Shuttle (R)

NASA’s Space Shuttle (L) and Russia’s Space Shuttle (R)

Here is a insightful video of how the International Space Station – the largest man-made space object – was built by the US and Russian space shuttles using the docking mechanism and robotic arms in addition to astronauts and cosmonauts:

ISRO’S POEM-4 MISSION – AND EXPERIMENT WITH MICROGRAVITY

Besides the space docking manoeuvre, there is another key mission objective. ISRO plans to experiment with microgravity during the PSLV rocket’s fourth-stage. ISRO aims to use the spent fourth stage, which it has termed POEM-4 or PSLV Orbital Experimental Module 4, as a platform for carrying our experiments with microgravity.

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According to the space agency, it provides an opportunity for the scientific community to carry out certain in-orbit microgravity experiments for an extended duration of up to three months using the POEM platform, which otherwise would end up as space debris immediately after the mission objective of injecting the primary payloads of the mission.

A total of 24 payloads are part of the POEM-4 mission, of which 14 payloads are from ISRO/DOS centres and 10 payloads are from various Non-Government Entities (NGEs) comprising Academia and Start-ups that have been received through IN-SPACe.

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One of the fourteen payloads by ISRO is of a robotic arm – again a crucial element to constructing India’s own space station in future. For now the experiment will involve a robotic arm to demonstrate the capturing of tethered debris.
 




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Love triangle dispute behind Qatar expatriate’s killing: RAB

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A dispute over overlapping relationships involving Qatar expatriate Sifat Ullah, his girlfriend and another man led to his killing in the capital’s Madartek Adarshapara Baraitola area, the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) has said.

Three people have so far been arrested in connection with the killing. RAB-3 arrested Al Amin Hossain Joy, 27, the prime accused, and Md Sajidul Islam Sajid, 24, while police later showed Sifat’s girlfriend, Nazifa Sheikh Neha, 23, arrested in the case, RAB-3 Commander Lt Col Fayezul Arefin said at a briefing at the force’s Shahjahanpur headquarters today (7 September).

According to RAB, Sifat had returned from Qatar around six weeks ago and had been in a relationship with Neha for a long time.

Sajid had also been in a relationship with Neha for more than four years but was unaware of her relationship with Sifat, RAB said. He learnt about it at Neha’s birthday celebration on 25 August, after which his relationship with her ended.

Joy, meanwhile, had known Neha since their school days. RAB said he was known in the area as a local “boro bhai” and alleged that he sometimes visited Neha’s room with friends to take drugs.

Sifat learnt about the visits and asked them not to come to the room, creating resentment between them, according to RAB.

Neha had rented a sublet room in Madartek Baraitola to run an online business.

At around 3pm yesterday (6 September), Sifat went there on his motorcycle to meet her. RAB said Joy’s associates Yasin, Anik, Tuhin and Raju, along with several others, later arrived at the house, while Joy remained downstairs.

An argument and scuffle broke out between Sifat and the group inside the room, leaving Yasin and Raju injured, RAB said.

The group then went downstairs, followed by Sifat, who tried to leave the area on his motorcycle.

RAB said Joy’s associates threw bricks at Sifat from behind, causing him to fall. Joy then allegedly struck him hard on the head with a stick, while others attacked him with sharp weapons. His motorcycle was also vandalised.

Local residents took the critically injured Sifat to Mugda Medical College Hospital. As his condition worsened, he was transferred to Dhaka Medical College Hospital, where he died while undergoing treatment.

Sifat’s family later filed a murder case with Sabujbagh Police Station.

RAB arrested Sajid at around 2am today from the Hajibari Balurpar area of Khilgaon. Based on information obtained from him, Joy was arrested at around 5am from the Shekher Jayga Bazar area under Khilgaon Police Station.

RAB said Joy was directly involved in Sifat’s killing, while Sajid, the second accused in the case, was arrested after his alleged involvement was identified through digital investigation. The force said they were all part of the same circle of friends.

Sabujbagh Police Station Officer-in-Charge Saiful Islam said Neha had been taken into police custody after the incident. She was later shown arrested after the case was filed and police found evidence of her alleged involvement.





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AI enables faster control of unstable fusion plasma

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Plasma instabilities can develop within milliseconds, making them too fast for human operators to address.

UNB

07 September, 2026, 02:35 pm

Last modified: 07 September, 2026, 02:38 pm

An artist’s interpretation of the PACMAN artificial intelligence framework for fusion systems. Photo: Collected

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An artist's interpretation of the PACMAN artificial intelligence framework for fusion systems. Photo: Collected

An artist’s interpretation of the PACMAN artificial intelligence framework for fusion systems. Photo: Collected

Researchers at the US Department of Energy’s Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) and Princeton University have developed an artificial intelligence-based software framework capable of making rapid decisions to control fusion plasma at speeds beyond human response.

The framework, called PACMAN, or prediction and control using machine learning, was successfully tested in five experiments at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility tokamak in San Diego, according to the researchers.

Their findings were published in the journal “Nuclear Fusion”.

Fusion research seeks to replicate the process that powers the sun to produce a potentially abundant source of electricity. Tokamaks use powerful magnetic fields to confine extremely hot plasma, but keeping the plasma stable requires continuous adjustments to heating systems, magnets, and gas injectors.

Plasma instabilities can develop within milliseconds, making them too fast for human operators to address. Computer simulations can predict plasma behaviour, but some simulations take days or months and therefore cannot provide real-time control during experiments.

Machine-learning models, however, can predict plasma behaviour within milliseconds, researchers said.

PACMAN integrates multiple AI models into a single control system. It collects real-time measurements, such as plasma temperature, density and magnetic signals, checks the data and uses AI models to assess the plasma’s current and predicted behaviour.

Controllers then use those predictions to determine necessary adjustments, such as changing heating power. Before commands are sent to the tokamak, PACMAN checks them against hardware safety limits and resolves conflicting instructions.

During five experiments at DIII-D, the system demonstrated several capabilities. It allowed a reinforcement-learning model to control plasma heating, predicted bursts of energy from the plasma edge, detected and controlled waves caused by fast particles, adjusted plasma density and rotation, and predicted a potentially disruptive instability known as a tearing mode.

In one experiment, the AI predicted the tearing mode about 200 milliseconds before it was expected to occur, allowing researchers to adjust the plasma to prevent the instability rather than suppressing it after it began.

PACMAN also coordinated all six of DIII-D’s gyrotrons, which heat plasma using powerful microwave beams. The system simultaneously adjusted their power and mirror positions to achieve targets set by researchers.

Researchers said the framework could significantly speed up the development and testing of new AI models. While integrating the first model took months, adding a second model took only a few days, allowing researchers to test, retrain, and replace models more quickly.

The researchers stressed that PACMAN is not designed to eliminate human oversight. Human operators continue to set the control objectives and parameters, while the framework enforces hardware safety limits regardless of AI recommendations.

Egemen Kolemen, an associate professor at Princeton University and PPPL, said PACMAN’s modular design could allow AI algorithms to be added, replaced, or operated simultaneously without requiring changes to the rest of the system.

The researchers believe the framework could eventually be adapted for tokamaks of different designs and sizes, potentially providing a common platform for AI-based plasma control across future fusion facilities.





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At least 5 killed in Amazon Prime Air cargo plane crash in Miami

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Prime Air Flight 7598 overran the airport’s diagonal runway shortly before 2 pm EDT (1800 GMT) and struck multiple vehicles on the ground, officials said during a news conference on Sunday afternoon

Reuters

07 September, 2026, 08:35 am

Last modified: 07 September, 2026, 08:38 am

A view of an Amazon Prime Air cargo plane that airport officials said overran a runway at Miami International Airport, in Miami, Florida, US, September 6, 2026. Photo: REUTERS/Marco Bello

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A view of an Amazon Prime Air cargo plane that airport officials said overran a runway at Miami International Airport, in Miami, Florida, US, September 6, 2026. Photo: REUTERS/Marco Bello

A view of an Amazon Prime Air cargo plane that airport officials said overran a runway at Miami International Airport, in Miami, Florida, US, September 6, 2026. Photo: REUTERS/Marco Bello

Highlights:

  • Five died when an Amazon Prime Air plane overran a runway and hit vehicles, officials say.
  • Five others were hospitalised, including three in critical condition, fire chief says
  • The Boeing 767-300 operated by 21 Air on behalf of Amazon departed from Puerto Rico

At least five people died when an Amazon Prime Air cargo flight overran a runway and crashed while landing at Miami International Airport on Sunday, local officials said.

Prime Air Flight 7598 overran the airport’s diagonal runway shortly before 2 pm EDT (1800 GMT) and struck multiple vehicles on the ground, officials said during a news conference on Sunday afternoon.

Five people were also injured in the crash, including three who are in critical condition, said Miami-Dade Fire Chief Ray Jadallah. At least two people were trapped in vehicles that were struck by the plane, and the pilot and co-pilot were trapped inside the plane by the crash, Jadallah said.

Officials declined to identify those who died.

More than 60 rescue units and about 200 personnel responded to the incident, Miami-Dade Fire Rescue said in a statement. As of late afternoon, emergency personnel were still dealing with an active fuel leak from the aircraft, Jadallah said.

Although the airport halted all flights immediately after the crash, two of its four runways had been reopened by Sunday evening.

The plane, which departed from San Juan, Puerto Rico, was a 32-year-old Boeing 767-300 freighter that had operated as a passenger jet for various airlines from 1994 to 2015, according to flight tracking service Flightradar24.

Cargo airline 21 Air operated the plane for Amazon, an Amazon spokesperson said in a statement.

“We are devastated by the accident involving one of our aircraft in Miami today,” 21 Air said on its website. “Our deepest condolences are with the families and loved ones of those who lost their lives.”

Reuters photos after the crash showed the jet with its nose on the ground and tail tilted up. The right side of the plane had what appeared to be scorch marks.

Flightradar24 said the plane was travelling at 112 knots (129 mph) when it exited the usable runway.

The National Transportation Safety Board, which investigates US civil aviation accidents, said it had sent a team led by Chairwoman Jennifer Homendy to investigate the accident and would hold its first media briefing in Miami on Monday.

Amazon is still gathering details about what happened, company spokesperson Kelly Nantel said. “We’re working closely with local authorities and officials to understand exactly what happened,” Nantel said in a statement. “Right now, our absolute priority is the safety, well-being, and care of everyone involved.”

Boeing and 21 Air said they would support the government investigations into the crash.

Sunday’s incident is not the first time an Amazon Prime Air plane has been involved in a fatal crash. In February 2019, Atlas Air Flight 3591, a Boeing 767-300 freighter operating on behalf of Amazon Prime Air from Miami to Houston, entered a rapid descent and crashed into Trinity Bay, Texas. All three people on board were killed.





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